Removal of Patent Blue Dye Using Ananas comosus-Derived Biochar: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Phytotoxicity Studies

Patent Blue (PB) dye removal from an aqueous medium was investigated using pineapple fruit peel biochar (PFPB). The presence of functional groups and surface characteristics PFPB studied Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A study conducted to assess the pH effect, contact time, concentration dye, dose, speed agitation, temperature on PB (Patent Blue) by PFPB. highest 95% elimination reported at 2 with 600 mg/L dye. Equilibrium studies divulged favorable adsorption that followed Langmuir isotherm a monolayer uptake potential 10.29 mg/g. Findings kinetics disclosed results were properly explained pseudo second-order model. phenomenon exothermic spontaneous, as observed thermodynamic variables. reflected 37% capacity for up five consecutive cycles in desorption study. phytotoxicity exhibited PFPB-treated solution enhanced growth seedlings biochemical constituents lentils. findings present indicate immense anionic wastewater systems. Thus, can be utilized promising green sorbent industrial effluents, it is widely available converts into reusable assets.